Risk and Research on the Whole Market.

Backtesting in Crypto: Why Your Data Source Decides the Result

Every backtest produces a number, and most of them are wrong for reasons that have nothing to do with the strategy. Only about one in four coins listed in 2014 survived to 2021, corrected price series hide errors a live strategy would have hit, and data from a single exchange teaches a strategy that exchange's quirks instead of the market. This article covers all four biases, with the academic evidence behind each, and sets out the five properties backtest data needs.

Real-Time Crypto Data Aggregation: How It Works

Every provider claims real-time data. Almost none explain what it means when the same asset trades on seventy exchanges at once, each with its own format, its own limits and its own clock. This article walks through the engineering: what a single exchange feed actually sends, why seventy of them don't simply add up, how much reported volume is real, which filters remove bad prints and drifting venues, and why the fastest price is never the most complete one.

Crypto Market Data: A Complete Guide

Most guides to crypto market data are a list of data types, and this one is too, in its first half: trade data, order books at three depths, OHLCV, derived prices, reference rates, derivatives data, on-chain data and metadata, plus how each is delivered and where crypto breaks the expectations of anyone arriving from equities. The second half covers what the lists leave out: where a price actually comes from, the five questions that separate a single-exchange quote from a filtered market-wide aggregate, and what each user group needs the data to answer.

1 October 2026